Analysisexception catalog namespace is not supported. - Creating table in Unity Catalog with file scheme <schemeName> is not supported. Instead, please create a federated data source connection using the CREATE CONNECTION command for the same table provider, then create a catalog based on the connection with a CREATE FOREIGN CATALOG command to reference the tables therein.

 
I'm still not understanding how one would reference a table that requires a database or schema qualifier. This call to createOrReplaceTempView was supposed to replace registerTempTable however functionality changed in that we are no longer able to specify where in the database the table lives.. Pornoturkce alt yazili

1 Answer. Sorted by: 2. To be able to store text in your language you have to use nchar or nvarchar data type, which support UNICODE. See: nchar and nvarchar (Transact-SQL) Do not forget to use proper collation. See: Collation and Unicode Support. So, a column name (varchar (50)) should be name (nvarchar (50)), then.You’re using untyped Scala UDF, which does not have the input type information. Spark may blindly pass null to the Scala closure with primitive-type argument, and the closure will see the default value of the Java type for the null argument, e.g. udf ( (x: Int) => x, IntegerType), the result is 0 for null input.Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.Table is not eligible for upgrade from Hive Metastore to Unity Catalog. Reason: In this article: BUCKETED_TABLE. DBFS_ROOT_LOCATION. HIVE_SERDE. NOT_EXTERNAL. UNSUPPORTED_DBFS_LOC. UNSUPPORTED_FILE_SCHEME.Spark Exception: There is no Credential Scope. I am new to Databricks and trying to connect to Rstudio Server from my all-purpose compute cluster. Here are the cluster configuration: Policy: Personal Compute Access mode: Single user Databricks run ... apache-spark. databricks. spark-ar-studio. databricks-unity-catalog.looks like dbt is trying to use it despite deleting the catalog tag from the profile (or setting it to null) Steps To Reproduce. dbt run. Expected behavior. models built. Screenshots and log output [0m18:33:42.551967 [debug] [Thread-1 (]: Databricks adapter: <class 'databricks.sql.exc.ServerOperationError'>: Catalog namespace is not supported.Get Started Discussions. Get Started Resources. Databricks Platform. Databricks Platform Discussions. Warehousing & Analytics. Administration & Architecture. Community Cove. Community News & Member Recognition. Databricks.Closing as due to age, but also adding a solution here in case anyone faces similar problem. This should work from different notebooks as long as you define cosmosCatalog parameters as key/value pairs at cluster level instead of in the notebook (in Databricks Advanced Options, spark config), for example:To enable Unity Catalog when you create a workspace: As an account admin, log in to the account console. Click Workspaces. Click the Enable Unity Catalog toggle. Select the Metastore. On the confirmation dialog, click Enable. Complete the workspace creation configuration and click Save.May 16, 2022 · Solution. Do one of the following: Upgrade the Hive metastore to version 2.3.0. This also resolves problems due to any other Hive bug that is fixed in version 2.3.0. Import the following notebook to your workspace and follow the instructions to replace the datanucleus-rdbms JAR. This notebook is written to upgrade the metastore to version 2.1.1. Querying with SQL 🔗. In Spark 3, tables use identifiers that include a catalog name. SELECT * FROM prod.db.table; -- catalog: prod, namespace: db, table: table. Metadata tables, like history and snapshots, can use the Iceberg table name as a namespace. For example, to read from the files metadata table for prod.db.table: 1 Answer. Sorted by: 2. To be able to store text in your language you have to use nchar or nvarchar data type, which support UNICODE. See: nchar and nvarchar (Transact-SQL) Do not forget to use proper collation. See: Collation and Unicode Support. So, a column name (varchar (50)) should be name (nvarchar (50)), then.Aug 16, 2013 · could not understand if this is a json or xml service. for json - might want to use web api or just send raw json. for xml - you could use .net 2 web services by using "add web reference" instead of "add service reference" – One of the most important pieces of Spark SQL’s Hive support is interaction with Hive metastore, which enables Spark SQL to access metadata of Hive tables. Starting from Spark 1.4.0, a single binary build of Spark SQL can be used to query different versions of Hive metastores, using the configuration described below. Aug 29, 2023 · Table is not eligible for upgrade from Hive Metastore to Unity Catalog. Reason: In this article: BUCKETED_TABLE. DBFS_ROOT_LOCATION. HIVE_SERDE. NOT_EXTERNAL. UNSUPPORTED_DBFS_LOC. UNSUPPORTED_FILE_SCHEME. I'm running EMR cluster with the 'AWS Glue Data Catalog as the Metastore for Hive' option enable. Connecting through a Spark Notebook working fine e.g spark.sql("show databases") spark.catalog.setC...Enter a name for the group. Click Confirm. When prompted, add users to the group. Add a user or group to a workspace, where they can perform data science, data engineering, and data analysis tasks using the data managed by Unity Catalog: In the sidebar, click Workspaces. On the Permissions tab, click Add permissions.1 Answer. I tried, pls refer to below SQL - this will work in impala. Only issue i can see is, if hearing_evaluation has multiple patient ids for a given patient id, you need to de-duplicate the data. There can be case when patient id doesnt exist in image table - in such case you need to apply RIGHT JOIN.Catalog implementations are not required to maintain the existence of namespaces independent of objects in a namespace. For example, a function catalog that loads functions using reflection and uses Java packages as namespaces is not required to support the methods to create, alter, or drop a namespace. Implementations are allowed to discover ... You’re using untyped Scala UDF, which does not have the input type information. Spark may blindly pass null to the Scala closure with primitive-type argument, and the closure will see the default value of the Java type for the null argument, e.g. udf ( (x: Int) => x, IntegerType), the result is 0 for null input.Because you are using \ in the first one and that's being passed as odd syntax to spark. If you want to write multi-line SQL statements, use triple quotes: results5 = spark.sql ("""SELECT appl_stock.Open ,appl_stock.Close FROM appl_stock WHERE appl_stock.Close < 500""") Share. Improve this answer.AWS specific options. Provide the following option only if you choose cloudFiles.useNotifications = true and you want Auto Loader to set up the notification services for you: Option. cloudFiles.region. Type: String. The region where the source S3 bucket resides and where the AWS SNS and SQS services will be created.You’re using untyped Scala UDF, which does not have the input type information. Spark may blindly pass null to the Scala closure with primitive-type argument, and the closure will see the default value of the Java type for the null argument, e.g. udf ( (x: Int) => x, IntegerType), the result is 0 for null input.Returned not the time of moments ignored; The past is a ruling you can’t argue: Make time for times that memory will store. Think back to the missed and regret will pour. But now you know all that you should have knew: When there are no more, a moment’s worth more. Events gathered then now play an encore When eyelids dark dive. Thankful are ...I was using Azure Databricks and trying to run some example python code from this page. But I get this exception: py4j.security.Py4JSecurityException: Constructor public org.apache.spark.ml.This will be implemented the future versions using Spark 3.0. To create a Delta table, you must write out a DataFrame in Delta format. An example in Python being. df.write.format ("delta").save ("/some/data/path") Here's a link to the create table documentation for Python, Scala, and Java. Share. Improve this answer.Not supported in Unity Catalog: ... NAMESPACE_NOT_EMPTY, NAMESPACE_NOT_FOUND, ... Operation not supported in READ ONLY session mode.Jan 20, 2020 · THANK YOU! This is the answer that keeps on giving. I am using Vectornator to create my SVG files and it outputs a lot of vectornator:layerName So, I went through and every time I found a colon that wasn't in a URL, but was naming something, I changed it to camelCase (like vectornatorLayerName) and the SVG works now! Sep 28, 2021 · Closing as due to age, but also adding a solution here in case anyone faces similar problem. This should work from different notebooks as long as you define cosmosCatalog parameters as key/value pairs at cluster level instead of in the notebook (in Databricks Advanced Options, spark config), for example: Overview. Kudu has tight integration with Apache Impala, allowing you to use Impala to insert, query, update, and delete data from Kudu tablets using Impala’s SQL syntax, as an alternative to using the Kudu APIs to build a custom Kudu application. In addition, you can use JDBC or ODBC to connect existing or new applications written in any ...Mar 23, 2021 · User class threw exception: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.IOException: Unable to create directory /tmp/hive/. We run Spark 2.3.2 on Hadoop 3.1.1. We use external ORC tables stored on HDFS. We are encountering an issue on a job run under CRON when issuing the command `sql ("msck repair table db.some ... 4 Answers Sorted by: 45 I found AnalysisException defined in pyspark.sql.utils. https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.1/api/python/_modules/pyspark/sql/utils.html import pyspark.sql.utils try: spark.sql (query) print ("Query executed") except pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: print ("Unable to process your query dude!!") Share Improve this answerDec 29, 2021 · Overview. Kudu has tight integration with Apache Impala, allowing you to use Impala to insert, query, update, and delete data from Kudu tablets using Impala’s SQL syntax, as an alternative to using the Kudu APIs to build a custom Kudu application. In addition, you can use JDBC or ODBC to connect existing or new applications written in any ... Sep 5, 2023 · Unity Catalog does not manage the lifecycle and layout of the files in external volumes. When you drop an external volume, Unity Catalog does not delete the underlying data. See What is an external volume?. Tables. A table resides in the third layer of Unity Catalog’s three-level namespace. It contains rows of data. The AttachDistributedSequence is a special extension used by Pandas on Spark to create a distributed index. Right now it's not supported on the Shared clusters enabled for Unity Catalog due the restricted set of operations enabled on such clusters. The workarounds are: Use single-user Unity Catalog enabled cluster.Unity Catalog isn't supported in Delta Live Tables yet - as I remember, it's planned to be released really soon. Right now, there is a workaround - you can push data into a location on S3 that then could be added as a table in Unity Catalog external location. P.S.AnalysisException: UDF/UDAF/SQL functions is not supported in Unity Catalog; But in Single User mode above code works correctly. Labels: Labels: DBR10.4;We are using Spark-sql and Parquet data-format. Avro is used as the schema format. We are trying to use “aliases” on field names and are running into issues while trying to use alias-name in SELECT. Sample schema, where each field has both a name and a alias: { "namespace": "com.test.profile", ...If the catalog supports views and contains a view for the old identifier and not a table, this throws NoSuchTableException. Additionally, if the new identifier is a table or a view, this throws TableAlreadyExistsException. If the catalog does not support table renames between namespaces, it throws UnsupportedOperationException.The ANALYZE TABLE command does not support views. CATALOG_OPERATION. Catalog <catalogName> does not support <operation>. COMBINATION_QUERY_RESULT_CLAUSES. Combination of ORDER BY/SORT BY/DISTRIBUTE BY/CLUSTER BY. COMMENT_NAMESPACE. Attach a comment to the namespace <namespace>. CREATE_TABLE_STAGING_LOCATION. Create a catalog table in a staging ...May 19, 2023 · AnalysisException: [UC_COMMAND_NOT_SUPPORTED] Spark higher-order functions are not supported in Unity Catalog.; I'm using a shared cluster with 12.2 LTS Databricks Runtime and unity catalog is enabled. Jan 20, 2020 · THANK YOU! This is the answer that keeps on giving. I am using Vectornator to create my SVG files and it outputs a lot of vectornator:layerName So, I went through and every time I found a colon that wasn't in a URL, but was naming something, I changed it to camelCase (like vectornatorLayerName) and the SVG works now! Nov 12, 2021 · I didn't find an easy way of getting CREATE TABLE LIKE to work, but I've got a workaround. On DBR in Databricks you should be able to use SHALLOW CLONE to do something similar: AnalysisException: Operation not allowed: `CREATE TABLE LIKE` is not supported for Delta tables; 5. How to create a table in databricks from an existing table on SQL. 1.Table is not eligible for upgrade from Hive Metastore to Unity Catalog. Reason: BUCKETED_TABLE. Bucketed table. DBFS_ROOT_LOCATION. Table located on DBFS root. HIVE_SERDE. Hive SerDe table. NOT_EXTERNAL. Not an external table. UNSUPPORTED_DBFS_LOC. Unsupported DBFS location. UNSUPPORTED_FILE_SCHEME. Unsupported file system scheme <scheme ...I have used catalog name as my_catalog , database I have created with name db and table name I have given is sampletable , though when I run the job it fails with below error: AnalysisException: The namespace in session catalog must have exactly one name part: my_catalog.db.sampletableGet Started Discussions. Get Started Resources. Databricks Platform. Databricks Platform Discussions. Warehousing & Analytics. Administration & Architecture. Community Cove. Community News & Member Recognition. Databricks.Jun 21, 2021 · 0. I'm trying to add multiple spark catalog in spark 3.x and I have a question: Does spark support a feature that allows us to use multiple catalog managed by namespace like this: spark.sql.catalog.<ns1>.conf1=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns1>.conf2=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns2>.conf1=... spark.sql.catalog.<ns2>.conf2=... Apr 1, 2019 · EDIT: as a first step, if you just wanted to check which columns have whitespace, you could use something like the following: space_cols = [column for column in df.columns if re.findall ('\s*', column) != []] Also, check whether there are any characters that are non-alphanumeric (or space): Unity Catalog is supported on clusters that run Databricks Runtime 11.3 LTS or above. Unity Catalog is supported by default on all SQL warehouse compute versions. Clusters running on earlier versions of Databricks Runtime do not provide support for all Unity Catalog GA features and functionality.Error in SQL statement: AnalysisException: cannot resolve ' a.COUNTRY_ID ' given input columns: [a."PK_LOYALTYACCOUNT";"COUNTRY_ID";"CDC_TYPE", b."PK_LOYALTYACCOUNT";"COUNTRY_ID";"CDC_TYPE"]; line 7 pos 7; I know the code works as I have successfully run the code on my SQL Server The code is as follows:1 Answer. df = spark.sql ("select * from happiness_tmp") df.createOrReplaceTempView ("happiness_perm") First you get your data into a dataframe, then you write the contents of the dataframe to a table in the catalog. You can then query the table.Aug 29, 2023 · Not supported in Unity Catalog: ... NAMESPACE_NOT_EMPTY, NAMESPACE_NOT_FOUND, ... Operation not supported in READ ONLY session mode. when I amend the code to: args = parser.parse_args('') I got the below error: AttributeError: 'Namespace' object has no attribute 'encodings' but if I made like your code without (''): args = parser.parse_args() I got the below error: An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.looks like dbt is trying to use it despite deleting the catalog tag from the profile (or setting it to null) Steps To Reproduce. dbt run. Expected behavior. models built. Screenshots and log output [0m18:33:42.551967 [debug] [Thread-1 (]: Databricks adapter: <class 'databricks.sql.exc.ServerOperationError'>: Catalog namespace is not supported.One of the most important pieces of Spark SQL’s Hive support is interaction with Hive metastore, which enables Spark SQL to access metadata of Hive tables. Starting from Spark 1.4.0, a single binary build of Spark SQL can be used to query different versions of Hive metastores, using the configuration described below.Spark Exception: There is no Credential Scope. I am new to Databricks and trying to connect to Rstudio Server from my all-purpose compute cluster. Here are the cluster configuration: Policy: Personal Compute Access mode: Single user Databricks run ... apache-spark. databricks. spark-ar-studio. databricks-unity-catalog. 2. The problem here is that in your PySpark code you're using the following statement: CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ` {target_database}`.` {view_name}`. If you compare it with your original SQL query you will see that you use 2-level name: database.view, while original query used the 3-level name: catalog.database.view.You’re using untyped Scala UDF, which does not have the input type information. Spark may blindly pass null to the Scala closure with primitive-type argument, and the closure will see the default value of the Java type for the null argument, e.g. udf ( (x: Int) => x, IntegerType), the result is 0 for null input.Aug 29, 2023 · Not supported in Unity Catalog: ... NAMESPACE_NOT_EMPTY, NAMESPACE_NOT_FOUND, ... Operation not supported in READ ONLY session mode. Creating table in Unity Catalog with file scheme <schemeName> is not supported. Instead, please create a federated data source connection using the CREATE CONNECTION command for the same table provider, then create a catalog based on the connection with a CREATE FOREIGN CATALOG command to reference the tables therein.4 Answers Sorted by: 45 I found AnalysisException defined in pyspark.sql.utils. https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.1/api/python/_modules/pyspark/sql/utils.html import pyspark.sql.utils try: spark.sql (query) print ("Query executed") except pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: print ("Unable to process your query dude!!") Share Improve this answerError in SQL statement: AnalysisException: cannot resolve ' a.COUNTRY_ID ' given input columns: [a."PK_LOYALTYACCOUNT";"COUNTRY_ID";"CDC_TYPE", b."PK_LOYALTYACCOUNT";"COUNTRY_ID";"CDC_TYPE"]; line 7 pos 7; I know the code works as I have successfully run the code on my SQL Server The code is as follows:You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window.Approach 4: You could also use the alias option as shown below to nullify the column ambiguity. In this case we assume that col1 is the column creating ambiguity. import pyspark.sql.functions as Func df1\_modified = df1.select (Func.col ("col1").alias ("col1\_renamed")) Now use df1_modified dataframe to join - instead of df1.May 22, 2020 · I'm running EMR cluster with the 'AWS Glue Data Catalog as the Metastore for Hive' option enable. Connecting through a Spark Notebook working fine e.g spark.sql("show databases") spark.catalog.setCurrentDatabase(<databasename>) spark.sql... Drop a table in the catalog and completely remove its data by skipping a trash even if it is supported. If the catalog supports views and contains a view for the identifier and not a table, this must not drop the view and must return false. If the catalog supports to purge a table, this method should be overridden. Creating table in Unity Catalog with file scheme <schemeName> is not supported. Instead, please create a federated data source connection using the CREATE CONNECTION command for the same table provider, then create a catalog based on the connection with a CREATE FOREIGN CATALOG command to reference the tables therein.org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: It is not allowed to add database prefix `global_temp` for the TEMPORARY view name.; at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command.CreateViewCommand.<init> (views.scala:122) I tried to refer table with appending " global_temp. " but throws same above error i.eWe are using Spark-sql and Parquet data-format. Avro is used as the schema format. We are trying to use “aliases” on field names and are running into issues while trying to use alias-name in SELECT. Sample schema, where each field has both a name and a alias: { "namespace": "com.test.profile", ...May 16, 2022 · Solution. Do one of the following: Upgrade the Hive metastore to version 2.3.0. This also resolves problems due to any other Hive bug that is fixed in version 2.3.0. Import the following notebook to your workspace and follow the instructions to replace the datanucleus-rdbms JAR. This notebook is written to upgrade the metastore to version 2.1.1. We have deployed the Databricks RDB loader (version 4.2.1) with a Databricks cluster (DBR 9.1 LTS). Both are up, running and talking to each other and we can see the manifest table has been created correctly. We can also see queries being submitted to the cluster in the SparkUI. However, once the manifest has been created the RDB Loader runs SHOW columns in hive_metastore.snowplow_schema ...Nov 25, 2022 · 2 Answers Sorted by: 6 I found the problem. I had used access mode None, when it needs Single user or Shared. To create a cluster that can access Unity Catalog, the workspace you are creating the cluster in must be attached to a Unity Catalog metastore and must use a Unity-Catalog-capable access mode (shared or single user). Syntax { USE | SET } CATALOG [ catalog_name | ' catalog_name ' ] Parameter catalog_name Name of the catalog to use. If the catalog does not exist, an exception is thrown. Examples SQLCatalog implementations are not required to maintain the existence of namespaces independent of objects in a namespace. For example, a function catalog that loads functions using reflection and uses Java packages as namespaces is not required to support the methods to create, alter, or drop a namespace. Implementations are allowed to discover ...Sep 22, 2022 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 4 Answers Sorted by: 45 I found AnalysisException defined in pyspark.sql.utils. https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.1/api/python/_modules/pyspark/sql/utils.html import pyspark.sql.utils try: spark.sql (query) print ("Query executed") except pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: print ("Unable to process your query dude!!") Share Improve this answer

4 Answers Sorted by: 45 I found AnalysisException defined in pyspark.sql.utils. https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.1/api/python/_modules/pyspark/sql/utils.html import pyspark.sql.utils try: spark.sql (query) print ("Query executed") except pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: print ("Unable to process your query dude!!") Share Improve this answer. Pornici mame

analysisexception catalog namespace is not supported.

The column was not included in the select list of a subquery. The column has been renamed using the table alias or column alias. The column reference is correlated, and you did not specify LATERAL. The column reference is to an object that is not visible because it appears earlier in the same select list or within a scalar subquery. MitigationI've noticed sometimes in Zeppelin, it doesnt create the hive context correctly, so what you can do to make sure you're doing it correctly is run the following code. val sqlContext = New HiveContext (sc) //your code here. What will happen is we'll create a new HiveContext, and it should fix your problem. I think we're losing the pointer to your ...Unity Catalog is supported on clusters that run Databricks Runtime 11.3 LTS or above. Unity Catalog is supported by default on all SQL warehouse compute versions. Clusters running on earlier versions of Databricks Runtime do not provide support for all Unity Catalog GA features and functionality.I have used catalog name as my_catalog , database I have created with name db and table name I have given is sampletable , though when I run the job it fails with below error: AnalysisException: The namespace in session catalog must have exactly one name part: my_catalog.db.sampletableNov 25, 2022 · I found the problem. I had used access mode None, when it needs Single user or Shared. To create a cluster that can access Unity Catalog, the workspace you are creating the cluster in must be attached to a Unity Catalog metastore and must use a Unity-Catalog-capable access mode (shared or single user). You’re using untyped Scala UDF, which does not have the input type information. Spark may blindly pass null to the Scala closure with primitive-type argument, and the closure will see the default value of the Java type for the null argument, e.g. udf ( (x: Int) => x, IntegerType), the result is 0 for null input.com.databricks.backend.common.rpc.DatabricksExceptions$SQLExecutionException: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: Catalog namespace is not supported. at com.databricks.sql.managedcatalog.ManagedCatalogErrors$.catalogNamespaceNotSupportException (ManagedCatalogErrors.scala:40)AnalysisException: UDF/UDAF/SQL functions is not supported in Unity Catalog; But in Single User mode above code works correctly. Labels: Labels: DBR10.4;Returned not the time of moments ignored; The past is a ruling you can’t argue: Make time for times that memory will store. Think back to the missed and regret will pour. But now you know all that you should have knew: When there are no more, a moment’s worth more. Events gathered then now play an encore When eyelids dark dive. Thankful are ... THANK YOU! This is the answer that keeps on giving. I am using Vectornator to create my SVG files and it outputs a lot of vectornator:layerName So, I went through and every time I found a colon that wasn't in a URL, but was naming something, I changed it to camelCase (like vectornatorLayerName) and the SVG works now!Creating table in Unity Catalog with file scheme <schemeName> is not supported. Instead, please create a federated data source connection using the CREATE CONNECTION command for the same table provider, then create a catalog based on the connection with a CREATE FOREIGN CATALOG command to reference the tables therein.I'm still not understanding how one would reference a table that requires a database or schema qualifier. This call to createOrReplaceTempView was supposed to replace registerTempTable however functionality changed in that we are no longer able to specify where in the database the table lives.May 16, 2022 · Solution. Do one of the following: Upgrade the Hive metastore to version 2.3.0. This also resolves problems due to any other Hive bug that is fixed in version 2.3.0. Import the following notebook to your workspace and follow the instructions to replace the datanucleus-rdbms JAR. This notebook is written to upgrade the metastore to version 2.1.1. The column was not included in the select list of a subquery. The column has been renamed using the table alias or column alias. The column reference is correlated, and you did not specify LATERAL. The column reference is to an object that is not visible because it appears earlier in the same select list or within a scalar subquery. MitigationI found the problem. I had used access mode None, when it needs Single user or Shared. To create a cluster that can access Unity Catalog, the workspace you are creating the cluster in must be attached to a Unity Catalog metastore and must use a Unity-Catalog-capable access mode (shared or single user).Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers..

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